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Friday, July 20, 2007
Vivekananda Rock
Monuments In India - Vivekananda Rock
Kanyakumari is a tourist spot and a pilgrimage centre. The Gandhi Mandap and the Vivekananda rock are the main attractions of this place. The mighty Vivekananda rock are the main attractions of the place. The mighty Vivekananda rock stands in the sea at about one and a half kilometres from the shore. The foot prints of the goddess Kanyakumari can be seen on a rock called Sreepadappara. Beside this there is a huge rock, where Swami Vivekanda sat for meditation and attained the spirit of knowledge (jyanodayam). A magnificant statue of Swami Vivekananda built is traditional Indian architecture was erected on the Mandapa. The meditation room is a spectacular feature where we can practise spiritual peace.
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Udaipur
Monuments In India - Udaipur
The City of Sunrise, Udaipur lies in the forest area of Aravally hills in Rajasthan. This walled city was established in the 8th century by the Rajputs. There are several palaces, temples, monuments and lakes. The magnificant marble palaces have courtyards and temples decorated with coloured glass and mirror works, kiosks and frescos. The Maharana's palace stands as a crown to Udaipur city. The city palace is now a museum. To the west is the famous Pichola lake having two islands with two marble palaces. The Jagadish temple with a bronze statue of Garuda facing Lord Vishnu, built in the 17th century is another attractin of Udaipur.
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Tippu's Fort
Monuments In India - Tippu's Fort
Tippu's Fort also known as palghat fort is situated at the heart of Palghat town, Kerala. It was built by Hyder Ali of Mysore in 1766 AD. It was supposed to be built to promot communication between Coimbatore and the west Coast. This Fort was the millitary headquarters of Hyder Ali and Tippu.In 1784 the British rebuilt the fort and used as their defence centre against Tippu. Later the Zamorins captured it and in 1790 was recaptured by the British. There is a Hanuman Temple here.
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Taj Mahal
Monuments In India - Taj Mahal
A marble monument of deep love, crown of palaces and a symbol of the best architecture. This marble palace is situated at Agra on the banks of river Yamuna. It was built in 1648 by the Mughal emperor Shahjahan in remembrance of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. About 20,000 workers took more than 20 years to complete this architectural wonder. It is the highest monument in India at a height of 75 metres. The three-storeyed main-gate (darvasa), 100 metres high and 150 metres wide opens to a beautiful garden surrounding the mausoleum. On a huge marble slab of 93.9 sq.m. at a height of 6.6 m., stands the magnificent building. There are four pillars (stupa) each 40 m. high, on four sides of the Taj. The floor is of black and white squares of marbles. A huge dome 24.5 m. high and 17.7 m. diameter crowns the building. The Taj Mahal is regarded as one of the wonders of the world.
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Sun Temple
Monuments In India - Sun Temple
Konark is a village located in Puri district, Orissa. The Sun Temple built in the 13th century brought fame to this village. The temple is dedicated to 'Sun God' and so it is shaped as the chariot of the Sun. The excellent style of temple architecture in Orissa is displayed in the construction of this temple. There are six stone carved wheels each on either side of the chariot. Seven horses carved on stones are shown pulling the chariot. Huge iron bars support the roof in the interior. The tower (gopura) on the garbhagriha was completely broken due to destruction. The exterior of this temple is ornamented with beautiful carvings and sculpture. The Sun temple is one of the outstanding examples of temple architecture in India.
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Sri Padmanabha Swami Temple
Monuments In India - Sri Padmanabha Swami Temple
This temple of religious heritage is located at Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. The presiding deity is Mahavishnu reclining on the serpent Anantha (Ananthasayanam). The complete figure of Ananthasayanam can be seen through three doors of front of the garbhagriha. The seven-storeyed tower (Gopuram) built in Dravidian architecture is 100 metres high. The top of this tower is ornamented with seven golden domes. Mythological illustrations are carved on the tower. There is a pool in front of this temple for rituals. Shops selling flowers and ritual items can be seen lined on either side of the path to the entrance. Carved wooden beams and ornamental pillars inside the temple show the architectural skill of the builders. A huge, single carved rock placed in front of the sanctum (ottakkalmandapam) is a special attraction of this temple.
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Somnath Temple
Monuments In India - Somnath Temple
Somanath was a pilgrim city in Gujarat. The Chalukyas who ruled at that time built a Siva temple. It is believed that this temple was first built in gold by a king Raja Soman before 11th century. Later another king krishnaraja made the maintenance in silver. After the attack of Mehmood Gazni, Somnath temple was rebuilt in black granite. Again in 13th century this temple had been attacked and rebuilt later. Today Somanath temple stands as a brilliant example of wooden pillars beautifully carved and decorated with precious gems. The 13-storeyed magnificient tower is crowned with 14 golden domes. The Somanath temple is one of the main attractions for tourists.
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Sarnath
Monuments In India - Sarnath
Sarnath is 13 km. away from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. This place is also called Rishipatanam as legends say the remains of so many saints (Rishi) were buried here. The word Sarnath means 'God of Deer'. A beautiful 'Deer Park' is located here to preserve the deer. The 'Damek Stupa' built by Emperor Ashoka is the main attraction of Sarnath. It consists of cylindrical tower 31 metres high on a huge rock of diametre 28 metres, at a height of 12 metres. Sri Buddha's first preaching was conducted there. The Ashoka pillar with the 'Lion Capital' is situated near the Demek Stupa. There is a Buddha temple also beside the stupa. Sarnath is believed to be the first place where Buddha reached from Buddha Gaya. So Sarnath became an important pilgrimage centre for Buddhists.
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Santacruz Cathedral
Monuments In India - Santacruz Cathedral
500-year-old Kottappalli is at Fort Kochi, Kerala. Centuries before some Franciscan missionaries from Portugal came to Kochi. The king of Kochi welcomed them, but the Zamorins opposed. The Portuguese helped the king to defeat the Zamorins. In return the king gave enough space to build a fort and a church for the Portuguese. Thus a fort and a church were constructed using wood and stone. In November 1503 the fort and church were blessed and named Santacruz. The church was called Kottappalli by the natives. In 1505 it was rebuilt with stone and marble. After 1663 when the Dutch invaded Kochi, they used the church as their armoury. In 1903 Bishop Dom John Gomes Fereiera re-constructed it as a Cathedral. In 1984 the Santacruz Cathedral was raised to a Basilica.
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Sanchi
Monuments In India - Sanchi
Sanchi is an old town on the banks of river Bethwina in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh. A great Buddha stupa built by Emperor Ashoka on Vidishagiri hill makes Sanchi a well known pilgrimage centre. The stupa made of sandstone is 18 metres high and has a diametre of 35 metres. During the 1 st century BC the satavahanas added four gates or toranas, the beams of which are shown supported by four elephants. In the 50 th century AD the Guptas placed four images of Buddha. After the decline of Buddhism in India, Sanchi became a forgotten place. After 1881 an Englishman General Taylor took initiative to preserve this land. Today the Sachi stupa is a small museum exhibiting Buddhist art and culture.
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Red Fort
Monuments In India - Red Fort
The Red fort was built in 1648 by the Mughal Emperor Shahjahan. There are over five hundred buildings within the fort. This fort was used as the administrative centre for the Mughal Emperors. Inside the fort there is a street Chatta Chowk, meant for the royal ladies to purchase their favourites. Shahjahan demolished many sandstone buildings and built marble placed in their place. The Peacok Throne of Shahjahan is placed in a marble palace here. Every year Independence Day is celebrated colourfully in the Red Fort. Above all, the Red fort shows the architectural style of the Mughal Emperors.
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Tuesday, July 17, 2007
Pattadakal
Monuments In India - Pattadakal
Pattadakal is a temple town in Karnataka. There are more than ten temples in this town on the banks of Malaprabha river. Pattadakal is said to be an ancient town, that Ptolemy the well known geographer (AD 150) introduced this place as Petrigal in his writings. Chalakyas the then rulers erected most of these temples. The excellence of Nagara and Dravida style of Indian architecture can be seen here. The three Siva temples Sangamesware, Mallikarjuna nad Virupaksha were built in Dravida style. The Virupaksha temple is a large stone structure on which illustrations of Ramayana and Mahabharatha are beautifully carved. The earlier templs like Kasinatha, Kadasiddesvara, Papanatha and Jumbulingeswara were built in Nagara style with pyramidal towers. The temples of Pattadakal built during the 7th and 8th centuries remind us of the artistic talent and creativity of the Chalukyas.
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Qutb Minar
Monuments In India - Qutb Minar
The oldest monument in Delhi built by Qutb-ub-din Aibak in 1196 AD. It was a six-storeyed tower with a beautiful dome at the top. There are 379 steps to reach the top. The Minar was at a height of 91 metres when built but, now it is only 73.5 metres due to the damage caused by lightning. It was a victory monument to the Islam dynasty. The Minar was made up of sandstone except the top floor which is in white marble. The diameter of 14.3 metres at the base decreases towards the top to reach 2.7 metres. Beautiful inscriptions of verses from the Quran can be seen at the interious of the minar. The brilliance of western sculpture attracts a number of tourists to Qutb Minar.
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Rameswaram
Monuments In India - Rameswaram
The small island south-east of Tamil Nadu is a pilgrimage centre. Legends say, it was from Rameswaram, Sree Rama set out to Srilanka to rescue of wife Sita from Ravana. The famous Ramnathswami temple was built in the 12th century and rebuilt in the 17th century. The entrance door of the nine storeyed Gopuram goes up to height of 38 metres. The most spectacular feature of this temple is the huge corridor, 1200 metres high. The Dravidian style of architecture and 1200 pillars carved out of black granite add to the beauty of the temple. The southern cape point of Rameswarm temple is Dhanushkodi. The Kothandarama temple is very famous. Bathing at Dhanushkodi is considered an auspicious act.
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Mount Abu
Monuments In India - Mount Abu
Mount Abu is the highest mount in the Aravalli mountains in Rajasthan. There are several Hindu-jain temples and it is a pilgrimage centre. The four main Jain temples are Chaumukha temple, Adinatha temple, Rishabh Deo temple and Newminatha temple. The entrance of these temples face the rising sun, and lead to the sanctum where the presiding diety is placed. These temples are constructed using extra-smooth and soft marble, and so gives a glorious appearance. The interior is decorated with beautiful depictions of goddesses, creepers, animals and flowers. The art and sculpture in the temples of Mount Abu are splendid examples of Gujrat architecture. It is believed that the hermitage of legendry sage Vasishta was at this place. Rishikesh, one of the famous pilgrimage spots, is also located at Mount Abu.
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Napier Museum
Monuments In India - Napier Museum
The Napier Museum built in the 19th century is situated near the zoo in Thiruvanathapuram, Kerala. The architecture is a compination of Taditional Kerala style with Chinese and Mughal influence. The English architect Chisholm made the final touches of this spectacular structure. The sight of both exterior and interior is very fascinating. Stripes of different colours in alternate manner give the exterior of gorgeous appearance. The scalloped arches in yellow colour and the beautifully carved balconies with friezes and lattice work shows the beauty of architecture. A vast collection of ancient sculptures, ornaments and coins is exhibited here.
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Mattanchery Palace
Monuments In India - Mattanchery Palace
In 1568 the Portuguese built the Mattanchery palace and gifted to King Veera Kerala Varma. Later it was rebuilt by the Duch and called as Duch Palace. The traditional Kerala style of architecture was followed in the construction of the palace. This beautiful double storeyed structure was built in the pattern of nalukettu. There is a temple with wooden Walls on which beautiful pictures were painted. The interior walls of the palace were depicted with the stories of Ramayana. 19th century wall paintings can be seen in some of the bedrooms. The most remarkable feature of the Mattanchery Palace is that it was constructed by the western people in eastern style of architecture.
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Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
Monuments In India - Manas Wildlife Sanctuary
The Kamrup or Manas Wildlife sanctuary is located at the foot of the Himalayas in Kamrup distrit on the banks of river Manas in western Assam. The dense, evergreen and wet-deciduous forest region most suitable for wildlife was established in 1928. Having an area of 391 sq.km. it accommodates a variety of wildlife such as Indian elephant, rhinoceros, tiger golden langur, pigmy hogs, black bear, bison and deer. By noticing the damages to and decrease in the population of some animals, the Indian and Assam state governments jointly implemented a plan of rehabilitation, and now it is going on successfully. The park authorities and local villagers offen helping hand to the progress of the work.
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Maharaja's Palace
Monuments In India - Maharaja's Palace
Mysore is a place of several historic buildings. The Maharaja's palace is in the heart of Mysore city in an outstanding arhitectural wonder. It was designed by Henry Irwin in Indo Saracenic style and built in 1897. The beautifully decorated golden throne is the main attraction of the palace. Wall painting, coloured glass works and splendid works in ivory add to the beauty of the palace. The walls are ornamented with paintings illustrating the festivals of Mysore. The fully illuminated palace during festivals is a marvellous sight.
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Mahabodhi Temple Complex
Monuments In India - Mahabodhi Temple Complex
The Mahabodhi Temple complex is at Bodh Gaya, Bihar.It was here that Sri. Buddha meditated, sitting on a slab-like stone under a banyan tree and attained enlightenment. This banyan tree was later known as Bodhi. The slab like stone named as Vajrasana was believed as the seat of knowledge. In the 2nd century Emperor Ashoka who was a devotee of Buddha built a shrine on the premises and later this was rebuilt as Mahabodhi Temple. The huge tower of the temple stands at a height of 180 metres from the ground. There are many stupas surrounding the temple. The presiding deity is Sri Buddha in the yogic posture. There is a lotus pond beside the temple. A statue of Sri Buddha is erected in the middle of this beautiful pond. The Mahabodhi Temple is a famous pilgrimage centre.
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Mahabalipuram
Monuments In India - Mahabalipuram
Mahabalipuram was an important port in the Coromandel coast developed by the Pallava kings during the 7th century AD. It was during the reign of King Narasimhavarman, the greatest Pallava ruler, most of the temples were built. Narasimhavarman was fondly called as Mamalla (little wrestler) and the place was named after him, Mamallapuram. The Rathas and Mandapas were cut out from granite rock. The mandapas of Mahabalipuram resembles the rock-cut caves of Ajantha and Ellora. The Shore temple built later was of smoothened and shaped stones. The influence of some foreign sculpture can be seen in the construction of the temples in Mahabalipuram. Now-a-days it is a land of sculpture located in Chengalpet, Tamilnadu. The government has established a college of sculpture at Mahabalipuram to encourage local stone-cutters and to develop the art and sculpture.
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Khajuraho Temples
Monuments In India - Khajuraho Temples
Khajuraho, once a village of eighty five temples now exists with a few in Chhatarpur district, Madhya Pradesh. The temples were built by chandela Kings between 950 AD and 1050 AD. The earliest temples were built in coarse granite and the later ones in sandstone from Panna. The temples are of different religions, Jain, Shaiva and Vaishnava. Medieval Indian architecture was followed in the construction of Khajuraho Temples. The entrance of all the temples are facing east. Both the interior and exterior are examples of excellent carving. The sculptures are of Gods and Goddesses, apsaras, salabhanjikas and surasundaris. Today Khajuraho is a tourist centre and an archeological site.
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Kanchipuram
Monuments In India - Kanchipuram
One of the ancient cities of India, Kanchipuram lies on the banks of Palar river at Chengalpet, Tamil Nadu, It was the capital of Chola Dynasty in the 2nd century Bc. Later the Pallavas, the royal dynasty of Golconda, Nawabs from Karnataka, the French and the English ruled Knchipuram. Early years it was a Buddhist and Jaina centre of learning. During 7th and 8th centuries Kanchipuram was known as the 'Golden City of Thousand Temples'. There are 108 Shiva temples and 18 Vishnu temples in the city 1200-year-old Kailasnath temple was built in 700 AD, during the reign of King Rajasimha. A perfect work of Indian temple architecture can be seen in the construction. A beautiful Nandi Mandap leads to the interior. The Vaikundanath Perumal temple was built in the 8th century. Three sanctuaries one above the other form a spectacular feature of this temple. Kanchipuram is considered one of the seven great sacred Hindu cities in India.
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Monday, July 16, 2007
Jewish Synagogue
Monuments In India - Jewish Synagogue
The word synagogue was used to denote the congregation of the Jews of worshipping. Later the Jewish prayer hall was called synagogue. The synagogue at Fort Kochi, Kerala was built in 1568. When the state of Israel was established, the Jews who had settled in Kochi and other parts of Kerala left the place to immigrate at Israel. There were only about 17 Jews who remained, and the number of adult males does not fill the required number for a priest. So, now there is no priest in the Synagogue at Kochi. Surrounding the Syangogue is the town of the Jews. Even today the synagogue is prserved well without losing its splendour.
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Jantar Mantar
Monuments In India - Jantar Mantar
Jantar Mantar in Delhi, Uttar Pradesh is the unique observatory built by Rajput King Sawai Jai Sing 1 in 1724. It consists of a massive sundial and other instruments for observing the movement of planets and other celestial bodies. The construction seems unusual but the structures and scientifically devised instruments most suitable for the observation of sky in the absence of telescopes.There is a strange collection of huge masonry instruments like Samrat Yantra, Misra Yantra, Ram Yantra and Jai Prakash Yantra. In 1948 jawaharlal Nehru declared Jantar Mantar a National Monument.
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India Gate
Monuments In India - India Gate
India Gate is situated at the end of 'Rajpath', the royal path in the heart of Delhi. It is a memorial to the 90,000 indian soldiers who sacrificed their life in World War 1.Among them the names of over 13,500 soldiers were inscribed on the walls of this monument. Surrounded by beautiful lawns this sandstone made arch stands at a height of 42 meatres. An ever-burning lamp, amarjyothi is placed beneath the arch is remembrance of the unknown soldiers who died or were missed in the Indo-Pakistan war 1971. Every year the ceremonial parade and other celebrations is connection with Republic day and Independence day start from the India Gate.
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Humayun's Tomb
Monuments In India - Humayun's Tomb
Humayun's tomb was built by his senior widow Hamida Beegum in 1560 in fond remembrance of her husband. The entrance is a big double-storeyed gate way. A beautiful garden in charbagh style surrounds the tomb. Inside the tomb there is a huge octagonal hall surrounded by octagonal chambers. The main sarcophagus is placed in the central hall in north-south direction. On the roof of the tomb is double dome of marble 42.5 metre high. There is a crescent on the top of the dome. It is made up of black and white marbles and red sandstone. There are many small monuments in the premises of Humayun's tomb. Of these, a square tomb with a double-dome called Nai Ka Gumbad or the Barber's tomb, built for emperor's favourite barber is an outstanding structure. Humayun's tomb reminds us the fall of the Mughal dynasty.
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Hawa Mahal
Monuments In India - Hawa Mahal
The Hawa Mahal is at Jaipur, the Red city, the capital of Rajasthan. Hawa Mahal means the Palace of the Wind. The magnificent architectural structure was designed by Lal Chand Usta and built by King Savay Prathap Singh in 1799. It is a pink coloured five-storeyed building. The Hawa Mahal was meant for the ladies of the Royal family to watch festivals, processions and celebrations without being noticed by others. There are hundreds of casements and balconies in each storey. Today this beautiful castle is developed as an observatory.
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Haridwar
Monuments In India - Haridwar
Haridwar in Uttar Pradesh is one of the famous pilgrimage centres of India. It lies in the valley of Shivalik Mountain ranges, on the banks of the Holy Ganges. Haridwar is a place of temples. Jhandidevi temple built in 1929 is located on the Nilagiris 3km. from Jhndighat. It is believed that the idol of Jhandidevi was placed by Adi Sankaracharya. Daksha Mahadeva Temple is another one at Kankhal 4 km. from Haridwar. Manasadevi Temple on the Bilva mountains is accessible through the mountain path. There is also a rope way connecting Jhandidevi temple and this temple. The art and sculpture of these temples are very beautiful. Many Snanghats are there in Haridwar. Thousands of lighted lamps decorated with flowers floating in the Holy Ganges is a marvellous sight. Haridwar is an education centre for science, arts and culture. It is also a well known place for ayurvedic treatment.
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Gwalior Fort
Monuments In India - Gwalior Fort
In the fifteenth century Raja Mansing built the Gwalior Fort at Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. It was constructed in sandstone on a 3 km. long basalt hill, lies at a height of more than 90 metres from the plains. There are more than six gates to enter the fort. The fort consists of eight reservoirs, several palaces, temples, a mosque and other buildings. The atrium of the great Sas-Bahu temple, The Gujari Mahal and the Hathi Pole are some of the outstanding structures and excellent examples of Hindu architecture. During the first war of independence Tantia Topi was defeated by the Britsh near this fort. Huge rock-cut Jaina statues of 15th century can be seen below the walls of the Fort.
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Gomateswara
Monuments In India - Gomateswara
The famous Jain pilgrimage centre is located on the top of Vindhyagiri hills 3000 ft. above sea level at Sravanabelagola 93 km. away from Mysore, Karnataka. The gigantic monolith statue of Gomateswara was built in the 9th century in memory of the first Jain Theerthankara's son Prince Bahubali. It was carved out of a single block of granite 50 metres. Creepers growing spirally on the legs and arms denote the state of meditation. Access to the Gomateswara temple is through a flight of 500 steps. At some places on the way, there are small shrines beautifully carved out. Every 12th year the Masthakabhisheka festival is celebrated by bathing the statue of Gomateswara in milk, ghee, curd and saffron. Gomateswara is one of the biggest standing statues in the world.
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Golconda Fort
Monuments In India - Golconda Fort
Golconda fort was the capital city of Qutb Shahi Kingdom, 8km. west of Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh. In 1687 this city was conquered by Aurangazeb and annexed to the mughal Empire. The Golconda fort is 5 km. in circumference. During the reign of Qutb Shahi kings this fort was rebuilt with granite and iron. Tombs of Qutb Shahi rulers, palaces and mosques still remain intact. The ventilators in the walls are designed so as to let continuous availability of fresh air. There is a secret underground path from the fort to one of the palaces in the hill slopes. Golconda fort was a famous trade centre for diamonds derived from rocks of the surrounding hills.
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Golden Temple
Monuments In India - Golden Temple
Amritsar was founded by Ram Das the fourth Guru of the Sikhs in 1577 and the name is derived from a lake known as Amrit Sarovar (Pool of nectar). The Golden Temple or Hari Mandir is at Amritsar, the largest city in Punjab, The temple was built in an island in Amrit Sarovar. Surrounded by water, the temple is viewed as if floating on water, It was Guru Arjun Dev, the fifth Guru of the Sikhs who planned the structure and took initiative to construct this beautiful temple. The Muslim divine, Mian Mir of Lahore laid the foundation stone in 1588 AD. The construction was made by the craftsmen from Patti Kasur and Kalanur. The temple complex is surrounded by white marble walls. The architectural magnificence with a huge dome and small minarets present a unique appearence to the Golden Temple. It is one of the well known pilgrimage centres of India.
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Sunday, July 15, 2007
Gol Gumbaz
Monuments In India - Gol Gumbaz
The Gol Gumbaz is at Bijapur, Karnataka, It is the mausoleum of Mohammad Adib Shah, the King of Bijapur. The tomb of his wife and daughter are also placed here. This beautiful square-shaped structure, crowned by a huge dome is constructed in Islamic architectural style and its height ends upto 60 metres. The wall of the dome is 10 ft. thick and 125 ft. in diameter. This magnificent dome is the secod largest one in the world. There are seven-storeyed towers of octagonal shape each on all four sides of the building. In the interior lies the famous whispering Gallery. The construction of this well known monument was completed in 1659.
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Gateway of India
Monuments In India - Gateway of India
This great landmark is at Mumbai Port, Maharashtra. This archway was built to honour King George V and Queen Mary on their visit to India in 1911. Indo-Saracenic style of architecture was used to construct this magnificent structure and it was completed in 1924. Built in yellowish-brown coloured basalt, it also shows the excellence of 16th century Gujarat architecture. On both sides of the arch are extremely large halls where more than 600 people can be accomodated. When India got freedom in 1947, the last batch of British soldiers marched out through the Gate way of India. Today, it is used as an embarking point for boats. Statues of swami Vivekananda and shivaji have been erected near the Gateway of India.
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Gandhi Memorial
Monuments In India - Gandhi Memorial
The Gandhi Memorial is the Raj Ghat in Delhi on the banks of river Yamuna. The spot where Mahatma Gandhi was cremated in 1948 was marked by a simple square platform of black marble. His last words 'He Ram' are inscribed on the platform which lies at the centre of a serene garden. Prayers are conducted on each Friday, the day he was killed. Adjacent to the cremation ground is Gandhi Memorial Museum. Gandhiji's belongings such as a pair of spectacles, wooden sandals, spinning wheel etc. are the valuable possessions kept here. Historic photographs, paintings and a vast collection of books-all in connection with gandhiji are also exhibited here.
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Fatehpur Sikri
Monuments In India - Fatehpur Sikri
Fatehpur Sikri is a magnificent city of Uttarpradesh. It was founded in 1569 by the Mughal emperor Akbar. Akbar had a vast kingdom and enough treasure, but had no heir. Akbar's spiritual perceptor Sheik Salim Chishti predicted that he would have three sons and soon after it happened so. As an act of gratitude to his spiritual perceptor Akbar rebuilt the village Sikri where Sheik Salim Chishti lived and made it a marvellous city. He named it Fatepur Sikri or the city of victory and shifted the royal court from Agra to this capital city. Built in red sand stone with beautiful carvings the structures include palaces, courtyards and official buildings. The Mughal style of architecture was followed in the construction of the city. Akbar lived in Sikri for fourteen years and left there in 1585 for unknown reasons and never returned. Now this city remains as a monument of the Mughal Kingdom.
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Ellora Caves
Monuments In India - Ellora Caves
The Ellora caves are found in Aurangabad district in Maharashtra. There are 34 rock-cut cave temples built by the Chalukyas between 3rd and 9th centuries. 12 are of Buddhist, 17 Hindu and 5 jain temples. All the caves face west and so the interior can be seen clearly in the afternoon. Kailasanath themple is the most spectacular structure among the temples. It is a monolith of 50 m. long and 29 m. high, carved out from a single rock. Built by king krishna of Aurangabad during the 8th century, the temple appears as through rising from a wide courtyard at ground level. Images of River Goddesses Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswathi are carved on the Abhishektheertha temple. Indra Sabha and Jagannath Sabha has been illustrated on the Jaina temples. The magnificent statue of an elephant, the dhawajasthambha, is an outstanding feature. The Ellora caves are examples of architectual and sculptural wonders.
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Elephanta Caves
Monuments In India - Eliphanta Caves
The elephant caves and a cave temple are situated on an island near Mumbai harbour. Garbhapuri was its name. Later the Portuguese called it Elephanta for the huge sculpture of an elephant. The cave is accessible by 10 km. boat-ride from the Gate way of India. It is believed to have been built by the Rashtrakuta kings between 757-973 Ad. In the shrine of Elephanta the image of Shiva as Maheshwara is placed so as to view from the three entrances as the lord emerging from eternal darkness. The images of huge dwarapalas and their attendants can be seen at the four entrances of the Garbhagriha. The Trimurti statue showing the three aspects of Shiva as creator, preserver and destroyer is placed at a height of 5.45 meatres. The walls of the Elephanta is ornamented with the images and illustrations of various moods of Shiva. The Elephanta resembles the caves at Ellora.
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Church Of Lady Of Ransom
Monuments In India - Church Of Lady Of Ransom
In the 19th century the Roman Catholics built St. Thomas church at Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. Later it was rebuilt and named a Lady of Ransom. This tall white structure is located in a naturally beautiful area near the Cape Point. A statue of Virgin Mary, 3 ft. tall, has been erected inside the church. It is believed that this statue was brought from Portugal in 1543. Fourteen incidents in connection with the crucifixion of Jesus Christ have been illustrated on wooden plaques fixed on fourteen points in the main hall. The story of St. Thomas is beautifully pictured on the coloured glass windows. Today the Church of Lady of Ramson is facing destruction.
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Charminar
Monuments In India - Charminar
The Charminar situated in Hyderabad, Andra Pradesh, is the central attraction of the city. It was built by mohammed Quli Qutb Shahi, the Sultan of Golconda in 1591. it is a square shaped fort 180 meatres high with four minarets, each one at a height of 55 metres. A marvellous mixing of Indo-Saracenic style of architecture can be seen in the construction of Charminar. There are open arches and spiral staircases on all four sides. The beautiful Mecca Mosque in the Charminar can accomodate 10,000 people. The streets and lanes around Charminar are well known trade centres of precious stones and pearls.
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Friday, July 13, 2007
Bhubaneswar
Monuments In India - Bhubaneswar
Bhubaneswar, an ancient city of the 3rdcentury, is the capital of Orissa. There are about 500 temples built between 16th centuries and Bhubaneswar. Most of them are Shiva temples. The Lingaraja temple built in 1114 AD stands as an outstanding example of Orissa temple architecture. The multiple tower rises up to a height of 132 ft. Several small temples are shrines ornamented with sculptures can be seen scattered in the premises and surrounded by huge walls. The presiding deity in the sanctum is Shivlinga. Some other attractive temples are Muktheswara, Kedareswara, Rajrani and Parasurameswara. Bhubaneswar was the provincial capital of many Hindu dynasties. Today, it is a planned township which consists of Government buildings, Universities and an airport.
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Basilica of Bom Jesus
Monuments In India - Basilica of Bom Jesus
Goa is a place of churches and chapels, and is often called Rome of the East. The Basilica of Bom Jesus at Old Goa was built by the jesuits in 1605. In 1542 St. Francis Xavier, a jesuit missionary reached Goa and worked among the poor. The embalmed body of St. Francis Xavier is placed in this Basilica. The casket in which the body of the saint has been kept was gifted by the Duke of Tuscany. The body is dressed in rich ceremonial garments. A golden baton with 194 emeralds is kept on the right side of the body. A life size statue of St. Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits was erected at the centre of the main altar. The three-storeyed Basilica made up of black granite and red laterite stone displays the architectural brilliance of the people of the 17th century.
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Bahai Temple
Monuments In India - Bahai Temple
Bahai is a religion established by Mirsa Hussain Ali in the 19th century. The Bahai Temple was built in 1986 at Nehru Place in Delhi. The temple was constructed in the shape of a lotus, the national flower of India. So it is also called Lotus Temple. This outstanding structure is composed of three layers of nine petals each erected from a small platform. It stands high among the other buildings. There are beautiful gardens and pools around the main building. The Lotus Temple made of marble, cement,dolomite and sand gives each and every person and message of equality. People from over the world visit Bahai temple because it is meant for public worship.
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Amarnath
Monuments In India - Amarnath
One of the most important pilgrimage centres of India, Amarnath is 145 km. from Srinagar, Kashmir. This place is well known for a huge cave that extends upto 150 ft. high and 90 ft. broad in the vally of the Himalayas. A natural occurred shrine and Shivalinga of ice are the most remarkable features of this cave. The ice statue of Shivalinga melts during summer and solidifies during winter. The statue attains its full size of about 6 ft. on fullmoon days. The access to the cave at an altitude of 14,000 ft. from sea level is by foot. It takes for days trecking from Pahalgam to reach the top. There are several other ice statues and each of them resembles some other gods. It is believed that a bath in the Holy Amaravathi washes away all the sins. According to legends Amarnath cave is the place where God Shiva imparted the secret of mortality of Goddess Parvathi.
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Akbar's Tomb
Monuments In India - Akbar's Tomb
Akbar's tomb is at Sikandrabad near Agra in Uttar Pradesh. It is located at the centre of a magnificent garden surrounded by high walls. Akbar himself began the construction of his mausoleum in sandstone, but it was compleated only after his death, by his son Jahangir in 1613. Jahangir made some changes in the design and included a top terrace where a false grave of Akbar was built in white marble. The original grave is in an underground chamber. It was believed that Akbar wished for an open pyramid and so the fifth floor is open, surrounded by a marble cloister. Screens enclose these cloisters in a complex design. At the centre of the cloister is a cenotaph in white marble on which 29 names of God are depicted.
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Ajantha Caves
Monuments In India - Ajantha Caves
The Ajantha Caves located at Aurangabad district in Maharashtra were found by a group of British Military personnel, in the beginning of 19th century. These world famous Buddhist caves are supposed to have been built during 1st century BC and 7th century AD. They had been carved out in the volcanic rock of the deccan Plateau. Of the 29 caves, five are prayer halls which they call Chaitya grihas and the others are monasteries called Viharas. In the first vihar there is a huge image of Sri Buddha sitting near bodhisatva. The idol of Nagaraja in the 19th cave and the illustration of the Mahaparinirvana of Sri Buddha in the 26th cave are the most spectacular features. Images of the river goddesses Ganga and Yamuna are also seen carved on the doors. Most of the carvings are the scenes of social life of the Indians. Several symbolic pictures are also seen in the Ajanta Caves.
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